Low pressure sodium lamps were invented first in 1920 by arthur h. Low pressure sodium lps lamps have a borosilicate glass gas discharge tube arc tube containing solid sodium, a small amount of neon, and argon gas in a penning mixture to start the gas discharge. Pdf the high pressure sodium lamp is a high energy outdoor light source that. Since the development of translucent polycrystalline alumina more than twenty years ago there has been a continuous improvement in high pressure sodium lamp technology. Lamps of today are high pressure lamps with a fused quartz inner discharge tube. Below are hid sources, listed in increasing order of efficacy lumens per watt. Soxe low pressure sodium vapour lamps have a ushaped discharge tube, containing sodium, enclosed in an evacuated clear tubular outer bulb. Introduction this technical statement is intended to advise specifiers and users of the relative merits of the various high intensity discharge lamps and control gear options that will provide the best economic and light technical benefits for their installations. A low pressure sodium vapour lps lamp contains an inner discharge tube made of borosilicate glass that is fitted with metal electrodes and filled with neon and argon gas and a little. A sodiumvapor lamp is a gasdischarge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm there are two varieties of such lamps. High pressure sodium lamps or hps lamps electrical4u. Hid lamps are selected according to various parameters. High density discharge lamps are those that have compact arc tubes that contain gases and metal salts.
These lamps are specially designed with inner glass tubes that. The arc in an hid source is shorter, yet it generates much more light, heat, and pressure within the arc tube. Highpressure sodium lamps also known as hps lamps or hps lights are a type of sodium lamp that is widely used in industrial lighting and many public outdoor areas. They have an efficiency of up to 190 lumens per watt compared to an incandescent street lamp which has between 15 and 19 lumens per watt.
The highpressure lights produce a more desirable golden to white light, while the color produced by low. The guide contains technical data photometric, electrical, physical characteristics, and starting requirements and is a supplement to the product information bulletins. Basically, an lpsv lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1980 and its amendments. A lowpressure sodiumvapour lps lamp contains an inner discharge tube made of. This blog showcases in detail the working of highpressure sodium vapour lamp.
High pressure sodium lamps fall into this category. A big driver behind their use is their high efficiency. High pressure sodium lamps are the most efficient artificial white light source with about 29% of the energy used by the lamp producing light. Soxe lowpressure sodium vapour lamps have a ushaped discharge tube, containing sodium, enclosed in an evacuated clear tubular outer bulb. Lowpressure sodium lps lamps have a borosilicate glass gas discharge tube arc tube containing solid sodium, a. A sodium vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm two varieties of such lamps exist. Justel lowpressure gas discharge lamps highpressure gas discharge lamps. The discharge tube may be linear sli lamp 2 or ushaped. With their extremely high luminous efficacy they are the most efficient light sources for road lighting, security and tunnel lighting. It gives greenish blue colour light, which causes colour distortion.
Ceramic metal halide lamps will be phased out according to the defined efficiency levels timetable for discontinuation of inefficient high pressure discharge lamps inefficient high pressure sodium hps standard lamps permitted permitted permitted plugin hps lamps on hpm gear high pressure mercury hpm lamps. Sodium vapour lamp, electric discharge lamp using ionized sodium, used for street lighting and other illumination. High pressure sodium vapour lamps performance specifications iec 60662. The arc in an hid source is shorter, yet it generates much more light, heat, and pressure. Chapter low pressure discharge lamps slide 2 incoherent light sources prof. High pressure sodium lamps lighting associates, inc. Selfballasted sb lamps are mercury vapor lamps with a filament inside connected in series with the arc tube that functions as an electrical ballast. High pressure sodium lamps are the most efficient artificial white light source with about 29% of the energy used by. Put them in a sealed plastic bag and take it to your local waste facilities for recycling. Highpressure sodium lights have a better color rendition than lowpressure sodium lights. High pressure sodium lamps high intensity discharge.
A lowpressure sodium vapor lamp or lpsv lamp is termed as a miscellaneous discharge lamp as it possesses some characteristics of highintensity discharge hid lamps as well. High pressure sodium vapour hps lamps have an inner discharge tube made of translucent alumina that can withstand the corrosive effects of a mixture of mercury and sodium under greater pressure and higher temperature. Mesoptic street lighting demonstration and evaluation final report pdf. Sodium gas discharge lamps can be distinguished in two main groups. Mar 15, 2020 a lowpressure sodium vapor lamp or lpsv lamp is termed as a miscellaneous discharge lamp as it possesses some characteristics of highintensity discharge hid lamps as well as it resembles fluorescent lamps in other areas. Family full data sheet localized commercial leaflet pdf 554.
Energy balances for some high pressure gas discharge lamps. Pdf the influence of high pressure sodium lamps on the power. Product information high pressure and specification. The high pressure helps increase efficiency and this was developed in 1936, 35 years after the low. When a high pressure sodium lamp is to be disposed, it is subject to the current epa toxicity characteristic. Dec 25, 20 a sodium atom has 11 electrons, and because of the way theyre stacked in orbit, one of the electrons is most likely to accept and emit energy. All high pressure sodium lamps contain some amount of mercury. This test is used to determine if an item can be managed as hazardous or nonhazardous waste. Jul 22, 2019 metal halide, mercury vapor, selfballastedmercury lamps and high pressure sodium lamps all are high intensity discharge lamps.
The gaseous discharge type of lamp is either low or high pressure. Better efficiency, life and size are few of the advantages of hps lamp over lps lamp. The mercury vapour lamp in construction is similar to sodium vapour lamp. Since the early 1970s, the high pressure sodium lamp, has become one of the most important light sources for outdoor lighting thanks to its high luminous efficacy about 140 lmw, good color. Soxe compared with sox lamps, the soxe lamps have reduced heat. The solid sodium metal remained on the bottom center of the bulb. The reason for the remarkably high efficacy of the low pressure sodium discharge is not so much because its discharge converts electrical energy into visible light particularly efficiently, moreover it is. Highpressure sodiumvapor lamps request pdf researchgate. Sylvania high pressure sodium lamps specification guide this guide contains a complete listing of sylvania high pressure sodium products available at its time of printing. High pressure sodium lamps high intensity discharge light. For example, a high pressure sodium lamp has an arc tube under 100 to 200 torr pressure, about 14% to 28% of atmospheric pressure. A lamp breaking is extremely unlikely to have any impact on your health. This causes the valence electron of the sodium atoms to excite to higher energy levels. Part ii deals with high pressure mercury vapour discharge lamps.
These lamps are similar in construction to high pressure mercury vapour lamps but in addition to mercury, a number of iodides are added which fill the gaps in the light. When a high pressure sodium lamp is to be disposed, it is subject to the current epa toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tclp disposal criteria. According to wikipedia, high intensity discharge hid lighting is a type of electrical gas discharge lamp that produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube. Generally, the vapor pressure is lower and the starting. A sodiumvapor lamp is a gasdischarge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce.
Highpressure lamps have a discharge that takes place in gas under slightly less to greater than atmospheric pressure. May 22, 20 low pressure sodium lamps are one of the most efficacious light sources. High pressure sodium lamp with clear tubular outer bulb philips. Sont son high pressure sodium philips philips lighting. Components the arc tube contains the xenon and sodium mercury amalgam mixture and provides. Failure of an hid lamp can occur from improper positioning, breakage, or arc tube failure. Hps lamp is the better version of its counterpart lps lamp. When heated up the metal would vaporize and the lamp would glow yellow. Highpressure sodium vapour lamps performance specifications iec 60662. Better efficiency, life and size are few of the advantages of. However, the working principle is mainly the same as for the highpressure mercuryvapor lamp.
High pressure sodium lamp hps lamp the hps lamp is the most ubiquitous lamp for street lighting on the planet. Lowpressure sodium lamps are one of the most efficacious light sources. These lamps ma type are manufactured in 250 and 400 w ratings for use on 200250 v ac supply. This inner glass tube is filled with both metals and gas. High intensity discharge hid lamps are similar to fluorescents in that an arc is generated between two electrodes. Hps lamps give a whiter light and are used for extrabright lighting in places such as road intersections. High pressure sodium lamp with opalized ovoid outer bulb philips. Request pdf highpressure sodiumvapor lamps the striking feature of sodiumvapor. This test is used to determine if an item can be managed as hazardous. They are commonly used in public parking lots, roadways, and other security areas.
High pressure mercury vapour energy saving solution for mercury lamps highly efficient lamp with luminous efficacy up to 88 lmw. The high pressure sodium lamp includes a discharge lamp vessel to the ends of which a pair of electrodes are respectively connected, a sleeve coupled to at least one end of the discharge lamp vessel and connected to one of the electrodes, a wire frame slidably inserted into the sleeve, and a buffer coil, one end of which is connected with the wire frame. Highpressure sodiumvapour lamp instrument britannica. Highpressure sodiumvapour hps lamps have an inner discharge tube made of translucent alumina that can withstand the corrosive effects of a mixture of mercury and sodium under greater pressure. The mercury vapor raises the gas pressure and operating voltage, and the sodium vapor produces light when the pressure within the arc tube is sufficient. Low pressure gaseous discharge sources are the fluorescent and low pressure sodium lamps. Highintensity discharge hid lamps are similar to fluorescents in that an arc is generated between two electrodes. Since the development of translucent polycrystalline alumina more than twenty years ago there has been a continuous improvement in highpressure sodium lamp technology. The high pressure helps increase efficiency and this was developed in 1936, 35 years after the low pressure lamps came out.
As discussed in the overview, light sources used today in architectural lighting can be divided into two main categories. Lumalux super and sox lamp ratings are based on measure ments at constant input voltage. The high pressure sodium lamp includes a discharge lamp vessel to the ends of which a pair of electrodes are respectively connected, a sleeve coupled to at. Construction, working and applications of following lamps.
Introduction this technical statement is intended to advise specifiers and users of the relative merits. Mar 10, 2020 highpressure sodium lamps also known as hps lamps or hps lights are a type of sodium lamp that is widely used in industrial lighting and many public outdoor areas. Hps lamps give a whiter light and are used for extrabright lighting in. Comparative study of 250 w high pressure sodium lamp. This blog showcases in detail the working of high pressure sodium vapour lamp. Sylvania high pressure sodium lamps, with the excep tion of lumalux super and sox lamps, are based on burn ing cycles of at least 10 hours per start and ballasts which meet ansi standards.
The reason for the remarkably high efficacy of the low pressure sodium discharge is not so much because its discharge converts electrical energy into visible light particularly efficiently, moreover it is due to the fact that the wavelength of light it radiates happens to be very close to the peak sensitivity of the human eye under normal viewing conditions. To meet all requirements, our high power discharge lamp offering is based on 4 technologies. Sodiumvapour lamp, electric discharge lamp using ionized sodium, used for street lighting and other illumination. Sodium vapor lamps are some of the most efficient lamps in the world. More modern metal halide systems do not use a separate starting electrode. Ceramic metal halide lamps will be phased out according to the defined efficiency levels timetable for discontinuation of inefficient highpressure discharge lamps inefficient high pressure sodium hps. The gas phase emitter effect at the anode in a high pressure sodium vapour discharge article pdf available in journal of physics d applied physics 432. High intensity discharge lamps are essential to achieve. The most efficient lighting sources available today are high intensity discharge hid and lowpressure sodium lps lamps. If a lamp breaks, ventilate the room for 30 minutes and remove the parts, preferably with gloves. These lamps are specially designed with inner glass tubes that include tungsten electrodes with electrical arc. Metal halide, mercury vapor, selfballastedmercury lamps and highpressuresodium lamps all are high intensity discharge lamps. They have an efficiency of up to 190 lumens per watt compared to an incandescent street lamp which has between 15 and 19.
With their extremely high luminous efficacy they are. The construction and applications of sodium vapour lamps. The colour of the light obtained depends upon the nature of the gas or vapour used. Their arc tubes contain sodium, and the metal salt included is typically mercury. A sodium atom has 11 electrons, and because of the way theyre stacked in orbit, one of the electrons is most likely to accept and emit energy. A highpressure sodiumvapor lamp a sodiumvapor lamp is a gasdischarge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm. The first lamp was a round bulb with two electrodes on each side. The lamp contains an arc tube and has a mixture of xenon. Pdf the gas phase emitter effect at the anode in a high. Iii and iv deal with sodium vapour lamps and colour floodlighting. The lowpressure sodium arc discharge lamp was first made practical around 1920 owing to the development of a type of glass that. What are the different types of lights in lighting system.
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